:root {
      --ink: #0a0a0a;
      --ink-soft: #151515;
      --ivory: #f7f2e8;
      --paper: #fffdf8;
      --gold: #c8a76b;
      --gold-soft: #e2cca2;
      --muted: #8b8984;
      --line: rgba(200, 167, 107, .26);
      --display: "Noto Kufi Arabic", sans-serif;
      --body: "Noto Sans Arabic", sans-serif;
      --ease: cubic-bezier(.2, .75, .25, 1);
    }

    *, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }
    html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }
    body {
      margin: 0;
      color: var(--ink);
      background: var(--paper);
      font-family: var(--body);
      font-size: 16px;
      line-height: 1.9;
      overflow-x: hidden;
    }
    body.menu-open { overflow: hidden; }
    a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
    button { font: inherit; }
    img { display: block; max-width: 100%; }
    .shell { width: min(1180px, calc(100% - 40px)); margin-inline: auto; }
    .eyebrow {
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 12px;
      margin: 0 0 18px;
      color: var(--gold);
      font-family: var(--display);
      font-size: .78rem;
      font-weight: 700;
      letter-spacing: .08em;
    }
    .eyebrow::before { content: ""; width: 34px; height: 1px; background: currentColor; }
    .display-title {
      margin: 0;
      font-family: var(--display);
      font-size: clamp(2rem, 4.1vw, 4.5rem);
      font-weight: 700;
      line-height: 1.35;
      letter-spacing: -.045em;
    }
    .section-copy { color: #5f5c56; font-size: 1.08rem; line-height: 2.05; }

    /* Header */
    .site-header {
      position: fixed;
      inset: 0 0 auto;
      z-index: 50;
      border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.1);
      transition: background .35s ease, color .35s ease, box-shadow .35s ease;
      color: white;
    }
    .site-header.scrolled {
      color: var(--ink);
      background: rgba(255,253,248,.92);
      backdrop-filter: blur(16px);
      border-color: rgba(10,10,10,.08);
      box-shadow: 0 10px 40px rgba(0,0,0,.06);
    }
    .nav {
      min-height: 82px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      gap: 32px;
    }
    .brand { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 13px; flex: 0 0 auto; }
    .brand-mark {
      width: 42px;
      aspect-ratio: 1;
      display: grid;
      place-items: center;
      border: 1px solid var(--gold);
      color: var(--gold);
      font-family: var(--display);
      font-size: 1.05rem;
      transform: rotate(45deg);
    }
    .brand-mark span { transform: rotate(-45deg); }
    .brand-copy { display: grid; line-height: 1.4; }
    .brand-copy strong { font-family: var(--display); font-size: .97rem; }
    .brand-copy small { font-size: .68rem; opacity: .65; letter-spacing: .08em; }
    .nav-links { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: clamp(18px, 2.5vw, 38px); list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
    .nav-links a { position: relative; font-size: .9rem; font-weight: 600; }
    .nav-links a::after { content: ""; position: absolute; right: 0; bottom: -9px; width: 0; height: 1px; background: var(--gold); transition: width .25s ease; }
    .nav-links a:hover::after, .nav-links a:focus-visible::after { width: 100%; }
    .header-cta { border: 1px solid currentColor; padding: 10px 19px; font-size: .82rem; font-weight: 600; transition: .25s ease; }
    .header-cta:hover { border-color: var(--gold); background: var(--gold); color: var(--ink); }
    .lang-switch { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 4px; padding: 4px; border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.2); }
    .site-header.scrolled .lang-switch { border-color: rgba(10,10,10,.14); }
    .lang-button { min-width: 31px; height: 29px; display: grid; place-items: center; border: 0; color: inherit; background: transparent; cursor: pointer; font-size: .68rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .04em; transition: .2s ease; }
    .lang-button:hover, .lang-button.active { color: var(--ink); background: var(--gold); }
    .menu-toggle { display: none; border: 0; background: transparent; color: inherit; width: 44px; height: 44px; padding: 10px; cursor: pointer; }
    .menu-toggle span { display: block; height: 1px; margin: 6px 0; background: currentColor; transition: .25s ease; }

    /* Hero */
    .hero {
      min-height: 760px;
      height: min(900px, 100svh);
      position: relative;
      display: grid;
      align-items: stretch;
      overflow: hidden;
      color: white;
      background:
        radial-gradient(circle at 22% 35%, rgba(200,167,107,.18), transparent 28%),
        linear-gradient(118deg, #080808 0%, #12110f 56%, #050505 100%);
    }
    .hero::after {
      content: "";
      position: absolute;
      inset: 0;
      background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,.025) 1px, transparent 1px), linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255,255,255,.025) 1px, transparent 1px);
      background-size: 70px 70px;
      mask-image: linear-gradient(to left, black, transparent 68%);
      pointer-events: none;
    }
    .hero-grid { position: relative; z-index: 2; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.04fr .96fr; align-items: center; min-height: 100%; padding-top: 82px; }
    .hero-copy { padding-block: 80px; position: relative; z-index: 3; }
    .hero-kicker { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 14px; margin: 0 0 25px; color: var(--gold-soft); font-family: var(--display); font-size: .78rem; letter-spacing: .05em; }
    .hero-kicker::before { content: ""; width: 52px; height: 1px; background: var(--gold); }
    .hero h1 { margin: 0 0 24px; max-width: 700px; font-family: var(--display); font-size: clamp(3.3rem, 7vw, 7.3rem); line-height: 1.28; letter-spacing: -.07em; }
    .hero h1 span { color: transparent; -webkit-text-stroke: 1px var(--gold-soft); }
    .hero-lead { max-width: 560px; margin: 0 0 38px; color: rgba(255,255,255,.7); font-size: clamp(1rem, 1.4vw, 1.2rem); line-height: 2; }
    .hero-actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 18px; }
    .button { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 13px; min-height: 53px; padding: 0 25px; border: 1px solid var(--gold); background: var(--gold); color: var(--ink); font-family: var(--display); font-size: .82rem; font-weight: 700; transition: transform .25s var(--ease), background .25s ease, color .25s ease; }
    .button:hover { transform: translateY(-3px); background: var(--gold-soft); }
    .button.ghost { color: white; background: transparent; border-color: rgba(255,255,255,.3); }
    .button.ghost:hover { color: var(--ink); background: white; }
    .button svg { width: 18px; }
    .hero-visual { position: relative; align-self: stretch; min-width: 0; }
    .hero-visual::before { content: ""; position: absolute; width: min(42vw, 590px); aspect-ratio: 1; left: 50%; top: 51%; transform: translate(-50%, -50%); border: 1px solid rgba(200,167,107,.35); border-radius: 50%; box-shadow: 0 0 0 80px rgba(200,167,107,.035), 0 0 0 160px rgba(200,167,107,.02); }
    .hero-photo { position: absolute; inset: 7% -12% 0 -12%; width: 124%; height: 93%; object-fit: cover; object-position: 54% center; filter: saturate(.72) contrast(1.05); mask-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, black 72%, transparent 100%); }
    .hero-signature { position: absolute; left: 0; bottom: 9%; z-index: 3; color: rgba(255,255,255,.75); writing-mode: vertical-rl; font-family: var(--display); font-size: .68rem; letter-spacing: .18em; }
    .scroll-cue { position: absolute; z-index: 3; right: 34px; bottom: 34px; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: rgba(255,255,255,.55); font-size: .7rem; writing-mode: vertical-rl; }
    .scroll-cue::after { content: ""; height: 55px; width: 1px; background: linear-gradient(var(--gold), transparent); }

    /* Intro */
    .intro { padding: 135px 0 120px; background: var(--paper); }
    .intro-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: .85fr 1.15fr; gap: clamp(55px, 8vw, 130px); align-items: center; }
    .portrait-card { position: relative; min-height: 560px; background: #d7ccb9; overflow: hidden; }
    .portrait-card img { width: 100%; height: 100%; min-height: 560px; object-fit: cover; object-position: center 38%; filter: sepia(.08) saturate(.7); }
    .portrait-card::after { content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 20px; border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.6); }
    .portrait-tag { position: absolute; z-index: 2; left: -35px; bottom: 52px; padding: 18px 22px; color: white; background: var(--ink); font-family: var(--display); font-size: .78rem; }
    .intro-copy .display-title { font-size: clamp(2rem, 3.5vw, 3.7rem); margin-bottom: 28px; }
    .intro-copy .section-copy { margin: 0 0 34px; }
    .signature-line { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 22px; margin-top: 36px; }
    .signature-line span { width: 68px; height: 1px; background: var(--gold); }
    .signature-line strong { font-family: var(--display); font-size: .88rem; }

    /* Principles */
    .principles { padding: 110px 0; color: white; background: var(--ink); }
    .section-head { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: end; gap: 35px; margin-bottom: 60px; }
    .section-head .display-title { max-width: 690px; font-size: clamp(2rem, 3.6vw, 3.8rem); }
    .section-index { color: var(--gold); font-family: var(--display); font-size: .78rem; white-space: nowrap; }
    .principle-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.15); }
    .principle { position: relative; min-height: 335px; padding: 40px 34px; border-inline-start: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.15); overflow: hidden; transition: background .35s ease; }
    .principle:last-child { border-inline-end: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.15); }
    .principle:hover { background: #141414; }
    .principle-number { color: var(--gold); font-size: .75rem; letter-spacing: .12em; }
    .principle h3 { margin: 95px 0 16px; font-family: var(--display); font-size: 1.35rem; }
    .principle p { margin: 0; color: rgba(255,255,255,.55); line-height: 1.9; }
    .principle::after { content: "↙"; position: absolute; left: 28px; top: 35px; color: rgba(255,255,255,.16); font-size: 1.7rem; transition: color .25s ease, transform .25s ease; }
    .principle:hover::after { color: var(--gold); transform: translate(-4px, 4px); }

    /* Work */
    .work { padding: 135px 0; background: var(--ivory); }
    .work .section-head { margin-bottom: 55px; }
    .work-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.18fr .82fr; gap: 26px; }
    .work-column { display: grid; gap: 26px; }
    .project { position: relative; min-height: 340px; display: flex; align-items: end; overflow: hidden; isolation: isolate; background: #151515; color: white; }
    .project.tall { min-height: 706px; }
    .project::before { content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; z-index: -2; background: var(--project-bg); transition: transform .7s var(--ease); }
    .project::after { content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; z-index: -1; background: linear-gradient(to top, rgba(0,0,0,.84), rgba(0,0,0,.04) 70%); }
    .project:hover::before { transform: scale(1.045); }
    .project-content { width: 100%; padding: 33px; display: flex; align-items: end; justify-content: space-between; gap: 20px; }
    .project small { display: block; color: var(--gold-soft); margin-bottom: 8px; }
    .project h3 { margin: 0; font-family: var(--display); font-size: clamp(1.2rem, 2.1vw, 1.8rem); }
    .project-arrow { width: 48px; height: 48px; display: grid; place-items: center; border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.4); border-radius: 50%; transition: .25s ease; }
    .project:hover .project-arrow { color: var(--ink); background: var(--gold); border-color: var(--gold); }
    .project-a { --project-bg: radial-gradient(circle at 20% 20%, rgba(200,167,107,.55), transparent 35%), linear-gradient(135deg, #3b2f25, #090909 72%); }
    .project-b { --project-bg: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(200,167,107,.35), transparent 45%), repeating-linear-gradient(125deg, #111 0 3px, #1d1b18 3px 18px); }
    .project-c { --project-bg: radial-gradient(circle at 75% 35%, #715938, transparent 22%), linear-gradient(145deg, #0a0a0a, #27221c); }
    .motif { position: absolute; z-index: -1; inset: 12% 10%; opacity: .75; }
    .motif span { position: absolute; border: 1px solid rgba(226,204,162,.35); border-radius: 50%; }
    .motif span:nth-child(1) { inset: 3%; }
    .motif span:nth-child(2) { inset: 18%; }
    .motif span:nth-child(3) { inset: 33%; background: rgba(200,167,107,.18); }

    /* Quote */
    .quote-section { position: relative; padding: 140px 0; text-align: center; color: white; background: #0e0d0c; overflow: hidden; }
    .quote-section::before { content: "“"; position: absolute; top: -90px; left: 50%; transform: translateX(-50%); color: rgba(200,167,107,.08); font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 30rem; line-height: 1; }
    blockquote { position: relative; z-index: 1; max-width: 900px; margin: 0 auto; font-family: var(--display); font-size: clamp(1.6rem, 3.3vw, 3rem); font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.8; }
    blockquote strong { color: var(--gold); font-weight: 600; }
    blockquote footer { margin-top: 34px; color: rgba(255,255,255,.45); font-family: var(--body); font-size: .9rem; }

    /* Notes */
    .notes { padding: 125px 0; }
    .notes-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 24px; }
    .note { border: 1px solid #ded8cd; background: white; transition: transform .3s var(--ease), box-shadow .3s ease; }
    .note:hover { transform: translateY(-7px); box-shadow: 0 22px 60px rgba(30,25,18,.09); }
    .note-visual { position: relative; aspect-ratio: 1.35; overflow: hidden; background: var(--note-bg); }
    .note-visual::before { content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 14%; border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.5); }
    .note-visual::after { content: attr(data-mark); position: absolute; inset: 0; display: grid; place-items: center; color: rgba(255,255,255,.82); font-family: var(--display); font-size: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 4rem); }
    .note:nth-child(1) { --note-bg: linear-gradient(135deg, #baa06f, #4b3b27); }
    .note:nth-child(2) { --note-bg: radial-gradient(circle at 70% 30%, #d1b679, transparent 20%), linear-gradient(145deg, #111, #3b3329); }
    .note:nth-child(3) { --note-bg: linear-gradient(30deg, #222, #8d6f3f); }
    .note-copy { padding: 27px 25px 30px; }
    .note-meta { color: #8a7b62; font-size: .76rem; }
    .note h3 { margin: 10px 0 13px; font-family: var(--display); font-size: 1.08rem; line-height: 1.65; }
    .note p { margin: 0; color: #716d66; font-size: .93rem; line-height: 1.85; }

    /* Contact + footer */
    .contact { padding: 115px 0; color: white; background: var(--ink); }
    .contact-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr auto; align-items: center; gap: 50px; }
    .contact .display-title { max-width: 800px; font-size: clamp(2.1rem, 4.4vw, 4.8rem); }
    .contact-link { width: 120px; height: 120px; display: grid; place-items: center; border: 1px solid var(--gold); border-radius: 50%; color: var(--gold); font-size: 2rem; transition: .3s ease; }
    .contact-link:hover { color: var(--ink); background: var(--gold); transform: rotate(-12deg); }
    .footer { padding: 38px 0; color: rgba(255,255,255,.55); background: #050505; border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.08); }
    .footer-row { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; gap: 25px; font-size: .8rem; }
    .socials { display: flex; gap: 22px; }
    .socials a:hover { color: var(--gold); }

    html[dir="ltr"] .scroll-cue { right: auto; left: 34px; }
    html[dir="ltr"] .hero-signature { left: auto; right: 0; }
    html[dir="ltr"] .hero-photo {
      transform: scaleX(-1);
      object-position: 36% center;
    }

    /* Reveal */
    [data-reveal] { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(28px); transition: opacity .8s var(--ease), transform .8s var(--ease); }
    [data-reveal].visible { opacity: 1; transform: none; }

    @media (max-width: 980px) {
      .header-cta, .nav-links { display: none; }
      .menu-toggle { display: block; }
      .nav-links.open { position: fixed; inset: 0; z-index: -1; padding: 120px 30px 40px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; gap: 28px; color: white; background: rgba(8,8,8,.98); font-family: var(--display); font-size: 1.3rem; }
      .site-header.scrolled .nav-links.open { color: white; }
      .menu-open .menu-toggle span:first-child { transform: translateY(7px) rotate(45deg); }
      .menu-open .menu-toggle span:nth-child(2) { opacity: 0; }
      .menu-open .menu-toggle span:last-child { transform: translateY(-7px) rotate(-45deg); }
      .hero { height: auto; min-height: 820px; }
      .hero-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
      .hero-copy { align-self: end; padding: 150px 0 90px; }
      .hero h1 { max-width: 650px; }
      .hero-visual { position: absolute; inset: 0; opacity: .42; }
      .hero-visual::before { width: 76vw; left: 25%; }
      .hero-photo { inset: 5% auto 0 -25%; width: 92%; object-position: center; }
      html[dir="ltr"] .hero-visual::before { left: 75%; }
      html[dir="ltr"] .hero-photo {
        inset: 5% -2% 0 auto;
        width: 90%;
        object-position: 34% center;
      }
      .hero-signature { display: none; }
      .intro-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
      .portrait-card { width: min(650px, 90%); justify-self: start; min-height: 520px; }
      .principle-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.15); }
      .principle { min-height: 230px; border-inline-end: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.15); border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.15); }
      .principle h3 { margin-top: 48px; }
      .work-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
      .project.tall { min-height: 520px; }
      .notes-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
      .note { display: grid; grid-template-columns: .8fr 1.2fr; }
      .note-visual { aspect-ratio: auto; min-height: 260px; }
    }

    @media (max-width: 650px) {
      .shell { width: min(100% - 28px, 1180px); }
      .nav { min-height: 72px; gap: 8px; }
      .brand-copy small { display: none; }
      .lang-switch { margin-inline-start: auto; }
      .lang-button { min-width: 27px; padding: 0 5px; }
      .hero-grid { padding-top: 72px; }
      .hero-copy { padding-bottom: 70px; }
      .hero h1 { font-size: clamp(3rem, 17vw, 5rem); }
      .hero-lead { font-size: 1rem; }
      .hero-actions { align-items: stretch; }
      .button { flex: 1 1 180px; }
      .scroll-cue { display: none; }
      .intro, .work, .notes { padding: 90px 0; }
      .portrait-card { width: calc(100% - 16px); min-height: 430px; }
      .portrait-card img { min-height: 430px; }
      .portrait-tag { left: -16px; }
      .principles { padding: 85px 0; }
      .section-head { display: block; margin-bottom: 38px; }
      .section-index { display: block; margin-top: 18px; }
      .principle { padding: 32px 25px; }
      .project, .project.tall { min-height: 400px; }
      .project-content { padding: 25px; }
      .quote-section { padding: 100px 0; }
      .notes-grid { gap: 18px; }
      .note { display: block; }
      .note-visual { min-height: 230px; }
      .contact-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
      .contact-link { width: 90px; height: 90px; }
      .footer-row { flex-direction: column; text-align: center; }
    }

    @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
      html { scroll-behavior: auto; }
      *, *::before, *::after { animation-duration: .01ms !important; transition-duration: .01ms !important; }
      [data-reveal] { opacity: 1; transform: none; }
    }

/* Stable language-specific hero composition */
html[dir="ltr"] .hero h1 {
  max-width: 660px;
  font-size: clamp(3rem, 5.35vw, 6rem);
  line-height: 1.2;
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  html[dir="ltr"] .hero h1 {
    font-size: clamp(3rem, 14vw, 4.25rem);
  }
}